Plant viruses are obligate intracellular pathogens, and most depend on insect vectors for transmission between plants.Viral infection causes various physiological and metabolic changes in host traits, which subsequently influence the behavior and fitness of the insect vectors.Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), one of the most widespread pathogens in pepp
Abstract The panallergen concept encompasses families of related proteins, which are involved in general vital processes and thus, widely distributed throughout nature.Plant panallergens share highly conserved sequence regions, structure, and function.They are responsible for many IgE cross-reactions even between unrelated pollen and plant food all
As lower-limb exoskeleton and prostheses are developed to become smarter and to deploy man–machine collaboration, accurate gait recognition is crucial, as it contributes to the realization of real-time control.Many researchers choose surface electromyogram (sEMG) signals to recognize the gait and control the lower-limb exoskeleton (or prosthe
Modes of transmission of the COVID-19 virus are still unclear.The virus could spread through direct routes, Gift Card including aerosols and saliva, and indirect transmission through contaminated surfaces.Dental practitioners produce airborne infectious particles especially when using rotary instruments during treatment.Oral fluids, blood, and oral
Greedy search (GS) or exhaustive search plays a crucial role in decision trees and their various extensions.We introduce an alternative English pads splitting method called smooth sigmoid surrogate (SSS) in which the indicator threshold function used in GS is approximated by a smooth sigmoid function.This approach allows for parametric smoothing or